Exercise 2
(éksersais tu)

In this exercise you will practice using modal verbs to express present probability: must, can’t, could, may, might. 

1. Look at that guy’s enormous muscles. He  work out a lot. 

2. Michelle   not participate in the parade. It depends on how much time she has next week. 

3. She used to live in this town years. She  still remember some directions, depending on her memory. 

4. Man! I'm so tired. I really use a cold glass of water. 

5. You  be right, but I’m going to check to make sure. 

6. You just drank two bottles of water! You  have done some serious work to be that tired! 

7.  you make sure that the door is locked? I have forgotten to lock it.

8. He’s working full-time and studying for his Ph. D. That  be easy.



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Audio 69

MODAL VERBS OF DEDUCTION - II

Must have, can’t have: expressing past probability

Structure: modal + have + verb past participle

must have done, can’t have done, must have visited, can’t have visited, etc.


We use ‘must have’ + verb (Past Participle) to express

that we feel sure that something was true in the past.

See the examples:


We use can’t have + verb (Past Participle) to say we are

sure that something was impossible.

See the examples:




a. You must have been delighted when you

heard you had won the raffle.

b. Oh, no! Where’s my bike?

c. Someone must have stolen it!


a. I can’t have left the paper bag in the supermarket.

I had it on the bus on the way home.

b. John can’t have been in the park the previous

day. He has gone to Greece.